术语表与阅读清单Glossary and reading list
符号Symbols
| 符号Symbol | 含义Meaning |
|---|---|
| f_T | 保留活时间比例 = T_K/T_allretained live-time fraction = T_K/T_all |
| R | 连续谱约减因子 = C_all/C_K（单观测内坐标；绝不跨观测合并）continuum reduction factor = C_all/C_K (a within-observation coordinate; never pooled across observations) |
| C_all, C_K | 全时段 / 保留时间 K 的拟合连续谱计数率（1.000–2.395 keV,对数抛物线）fitted continuum rate over all time / over retained time K (1.000-2.395 keV, log-parabola) |
| K, B | 保留集与弃掉集（必须不相交）the retained set and the rejected set (must be disjoint) |
| L_K/L_B | 保留/弃掉时间的 Al-K 线率比（线门；应与 1 相容）the Al-K line-rate ratio between kept and rejected time (the line gate; should be compatible with 1) |
| Q_K/Q_B | 保留/弃掉时间的角落 2.5–8 keV 率比（粒子监测）the corner 2.5-8 keV rate ratio between kept and rejected time (particle monitor) |
| κ | 门误差标度（由窗口恒定性校准；MOS2 = 1.0148,MOS1 = 1.0831）the gate-error scale (calibrated from window constancy; MOS2 = 1.0148, MOS1 = 1.0831) |
| s | 注入测得的线-连续谱耦合 = −0.0128 ± 0.0039（未应用）the injection-measured line-continuum coupling = −0.0128 ± 0.0039 (unapplied) |
| z_null | (R − 零假设均值)/零假设标准差，200 次循环移位(R − null mean)/null sd, over 200 circular shifts |
| z_Δ (z_delta) | E3 的配对差显著性：两个掩码按同一移位滚动的 Δ 零分布the E3 paired-difference significance: the null of Δ with both masks rolled by the same shift |
| E1–E6 | P001 的六个终点（有效性、线门、有用性、相机一致性、耦合/角落、空白场）the six P001 endpoints (validity, line gate, usefulness, camera consistency, coupling/corner, blank field) |
| Δ (delta) | E3 中：Δ = ln R（匹配率排名） − ln R(2.filter)in E3: Δ = ln R(matched rate-rank) − ln R(2.filter) |
| ΔC | Cash 统计量之差（似然比）；ΔC = 1 ≈ 1σ（单参数）the difference of Cash statistics (likelihood ratio); ΔC = 1 ≈ 1σ for one parameter |
缩写与术语Acronyms and terms
| 缩写Acronym | 全称与含义Full name and meaning |
|---|---|
| GTI / BTIGTI / BTI | 好时间段 / 坏时间段（FITS 里的时间区间表）good time interval / bad time interval (time-interval tables in FITS) |
| QPBQPB | 静止粒子背景（宇宙线在探测器内/外的稳定次级成分）quiescent particle background (the steady cosmic-ray secondary component) |
| SPSP | 软质子（太阳活动期被望远镜聚焦的质子，弥散 X 射线分析的天敌）soft protons (protons focused by the telescope during solar activity; the nemesis of diffuse X-ray analysis) |
| FOVFOV | 视场（望远镜能看到的圆形区域）field of view (the circular region the telescope sees) |
| cornercorner | 未曝光角落（FOV 圆之外、探测器之内的区域；只接收粒子）unexposed corner (outside the FOV circle, inside the detector; receives only particles) |
| EXPOSUEXPOSU | 事件文件里的活时间扩展表（TIMEDEL × FRACEXP 逐 bin）the live-time extension in an event file (TIMEDEL × FRACEXP per bin) |
| FRACEXPFRACEXP | 每个时间 bin 的活时间比例（读书时不能曝光）the live fraction of each time bin (no exposure while reading out) |
| corlccorlc | corner light curve（ESAS 2.filter 产出的角落光变曲线）corner light curve (produced by the ESAS 2.filter) |
| 2.filter2.filter | ESAS 标准耀斑筛选步骤（迭代均值/直方图切割 + BTI 守卫）the ESAS standard flare-screening step (iterative mean/histogram cut + BTI guard) |
| ESASESAS | XMM-Newton 扩展源分析软件（在 Virgo 上运行）the XMM-Newton Extended Source Analysis Software (run on Virgo) |
| SASSAS | XMM-Newton 科学分析系统（ESAS 是其一部分）the XMM-Newton Science Analysis System (ESAS is part of it) |
| ODFODF | 原始数据文件（望远镜遥测的原始格式）Observation Data Files (the raw telemetry format) |
| ObsIDObsID | 观测编号（如 0800730101）observation identifier (e.g. 0800730101) |
| MOS1/MOS2/pnMOS1/MOS2/pn | EPIC 的三台相机（两台 MOS CCD + 一台 pn CCD）；本项目 MOS1+MOS2 为基础，pn 只作交叉检验the three EPIC cameras (two MOS CCDs + one pn CCD); this project uses MOS1+MOS2 as the basis, pn as a cross-check only |
| FWERFWER | 族错误率（全部候选中至少一个假阳性的比例或概率）family-wise error rate (the chance of at least one false positive over the whole candidate family) |
| G_AlG_Al | r3 阶梯的 Al 线对比增益度量（与 R 是不同候选族/度量，不可混引）the Al line-contrast gain metric of the r3 ladder (a different family/metric from R; never mix their significances) |
| CashCash | 泊松似然的 C = −2 ln L(Cash 1979)the Poisson-likelihood statistic C = −2 ln L (Cash 1979) |
| log-parabolalog-parabola | 对数抛物线连续谱模型（一个带曲率的幂律）the log-parabola continuum model (a power law with curvature) |
| Al-K / Si-KAl-K / Si-K | 仪器荧光线，固定中心 1.4879 / 1.7466 keV（粒子打在相机结构上激发）the instrumental fluorescence lines, fixed centroids 1.4879 / 1.7466 keV (excited by particles striking the camera structure) |
阅读清单Reading list
| 文献Reference | 为什么读Why it matters |
|---|---|
| XMM-ESAS Cookbook (Snowden & Kuntz)XMM-ESAS Cookbook (Snowden & Kuntz) | ESAS 流程的官方手册：2.filter、corlc/fovlc、QPB 模型的权威描述。The official ESAS manual: the authoritative description of 2.filter, corlc/fovlc and the QPB model. |
| Kuntz & Snowden 2008Kuntz & Snowden 2008 | EPIC 弥散源光谱分析的背景处理基础（ESAS 的方法文）。The foundational paper on background treatment for EPIC diffuse-source spectroscopy (the ESAS methods paper). |
| De Luca & Molendi 2004De Luca & Molendi 2004 | EPIC 粒子背景特征的经典研究（软质子耀斑与 QPB 的分类）。The classic study of the EPIC particle background characterisation (flare/QPB classification). |
| Leccardi & Molendi 2008Leccardi & Molendi 2008 | EPIC 背景成分类别与对弥散谱分析的影响的后续。The follow-up on EPIC background component classes and their impact on diffuse spectral analysis. |
| Cash 1979Cash 1979 | C 统计量的原始文献：计数谱拟合不用 χ² 时的似然方法。The original C-statistic paper: the likelihood method for fitting counted spectra without χ². |
| 置换检验教材（如 Good, "Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses"）A permutation-test textbook (e.g. Good, "Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses") | 循环移位零假设的方法论背景。书名由作者标注为"建议（未经评审）"—— 项目文件未指定具体教材。Methodological background for the circular-shift null. The book title is marked "Suggestion (not reviewed)" by the author — the project files do not name a specific textbook. |
| Stouffer 方法原始文献（Stouffer et al. 1949, "The American Soldier"）The original Stouffer method reference (Stouffer et al. 1949, "The American Soldier") | 合并 z 值的方法来源。同样标注为"建议（未经评审）"。The source of the combined-z method. Also marked "Suggestion (not reviewed)". |
诚实声明Honesty note
前 5 条文献的作者与主题在项目文件与领域常识中是明确的；后 2 条（置换检验、Stouffer）的具体书名/年份是本手册作者的建议，项目文件只说"标准参考",未经 PI 评审。引用前请自行核对。
The first 5 references are unambiguous in the project files and in field knowledge; the specific titles/years of the last 2 (permutation tests, Stouffer) are the handbook author's suggestions — the project files say only "a standard reference", unreviewed by the PI. Verify before citing.